Voter Turnout free essay sample

A statistical survey analysis of the relationship between a voters age and voter turnout. This paper corroborates a statistics survey analysis that enumerates the relationship of voters age with primary election. The author discusses the main reasons for the increased number of older voters as opposed to younger ones. He concludes that older people are more familiarized with voting procedures, have free time to vote and more importantly, have more political power. In addition, the author proposes that baby boomers, race, gender, sex and socio-economic factors also have an influence on voting turnout. Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Literature Review III. Methods IV. Results V. References VI. Appendix Over the decades, the numbers of election voters have been seen to be on the decline. Although, polls show that there is an increase in the number of voters of the older generation, there is still a decrease in the number of overall voters. We will write a custom essay sample on Voter Turnout or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discrepancies especially occur between primary election and general election turnouts. According to a survey and analysis conducted by the Star Tribune it was indicated, 61 percent of people who voted in Minnesotas 1998 primary election were age 50 or older. [1]Voters 65 and over comprised 17% of the total turnout while that of the general election was 14%. These figures show that older age groups drive a large percentage of primary elections, indicating its importance. There seem to be a variety of reasons for the number of the decreasing voters, which makes it all the more imperative to study its variables which ranges from age, sex, race etc.

Free Essays on My Response To Myths And Stereotypes Of African Americans

Growing up as an African American female, I have been exposed to many forms of racism. Many times I have wondered how and why â€Å"white† people were so hateful towards â€Å"black people†, who were by no means inferior to them. In my generation, I cannot say that I have truly â€Å"suffered†. My parents, on the other hand, could tell me very hateful stories concerning racism. I could never understand the hate that they have towards us. I could understand if there had been some sort of conflict we hade encountered with them, but I had never heard of such a thing. I had always been taught that white people had forced Africans, or better yet that some Africans had sold other Africans as slaves. I still was baffled as to why their was so much hate or disgust. In the many accounts of history I have been exposed to, Caucasians seemed to look upon blacks as animals. Why would they refer to us as animals? Is their something that they see in the mirror that we don’t? Do we walk on all fours? Were not we also human and intelligent in our own right? I never could and never will except the belief that I am in some way inferior to whites, or rather non-blacks. I am just as intelligent as they are and can excel just as they can. I never could understand the hate. To be honest, it angers me still as I reflect upon how our people have been treated. As I read the John E. Harris’ â€Å"A Tradition of Myths and Stereotypes†, I started to encounter feelings I had not felt in a long time. I guess a lot of what I know or have heard about racism was repressed. I did not want their hate overtake me and cause me to be as ignorant and hateful as they have been. As I read the assigned coursework, I began to discover that racism was not confined to America, yet it has been passed down to America as well as other places. I never realized that Africans had encountered this derogatory treatment long before. The cruel comments made by the m... Free Essays on My Response To Myths And Stereotypes Of African Americans Free Essays on My Response To Myths And Stereotypes Of African Americans Growing up as an African American female, I have been exposed to many forms of racism. Many times I have wondered how and why â€Å"white† people were so hateful towards â€Å"black people†, who were by no means inferior to them. In my generation, I cannot say that I have truly â€Å"suffered†. My parents, on the other hand, could tell me very hateful stories concerning racism. I could never understand the hate that they have towards us. I could understand if there had been some sort of conflict we hade encountered with them, but I had never heard of such a thing. I had always been taught that white people had forced Africans, or better yet that some Africans had sold other Africans as slaves. I still was baffled as to why their was so much hate or disgust. In the many accounts of history I have been exposed to, Caucasians seemed to look upon blacks as animals. Why would they refer to us as animals? Is their something that they see in the mirror that we don’t? Do we walk on all fours? Were not we also human and intelligent in our own right? I never could and never will except the belief that I am in some way inferior to whites, or rather non-blacks. I am just as intelligent as they are and can excel just as they can. I never could understand the hate. To be honest, it angers me still as I reflect upon how our people have been treated. As I read the John E. Harris’ â€Å"A Tradition of Myths and Stereotypes†, I started to encounter feelings I had not felt in a long time. I guess a lot of what I know or have heard about racism was repressed. I did not want their hate overtake me and cause me to be as ignorant and hateful as they have been. As I read the assigned coursework, I began to discover that racism was not confined to America, yet it has been passed down to America as well as other places. I never realized that Africans had encountered this derogatory treatment long before. The cruel comments made by the m...

Anya Kamenetz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anya Kamenetz - Essay Example llow the mindless way of operations we have practiced so far, however most significantly the book focuses on the â€Å"power of education† along with the rising arrears outrageously brought by the concept of â€Å"job-security† that comes with lower wages and the national programs existing in order to â€Å"help us† that actually aids the process of ripping the nation apart. The author states that to deal with the educational debt issue it is necessary on the end of the young generation to take active measures against the political system of the nation, as can be traced in the quote, â€Å"Young people urgently need a strong national generational movement†. The author puts stress on the situation that the educational institutes of the modern era moving out of reach of common people. In this regard the undergraduates of the Yale University went on a weeklong protest after which the University declared that it would not ask for any tuition fees from the kids belonging to the families making lesser than $45000 annually. The author puts forth the several reasons supporting why the involvement of the students in the nation’s politics is necessary. She felt that the young generation lacks any political guarantee and the generation have been experiencing risk by getting stuck to the cycle of availing loan for higher studies and then spending their whole life in a small job that helps them to pay-off the loan money in parts. Until and unless the students step out of this cycle, they will never be able to set higher career ambitions. The author states two solutions two these issues, which are- Now staying within the means can be practiced alone but fighting for the proper allocation of resources can take place in a united way. The stated incident of Yale proves that, â€Å"without a uniï ¬ ed voice, individual protests can make only small ripples†. The chapter further states that in order to lower the student debt, Pell Grant must be enhanced. The author further puts stress on

Foucaults Discipline and Punishment Theory Essay

Foucaults Discipline and Punishment Theory - Essay Example Relative to calls for equal protection of laws has idealized the non-usurpation of pain infliction that questioned forms of punishment in stark contrast to ethical beliefs that crime can be prevented at its root cause. An alternative approach to reform and behavioral modification has given rise to the discussion of multi-disciplinary approach and theories to that prevent the incidence of criminal deviation. This approach has gained wider acceptance as a preventive means in stark contrast to the allowance a certain crime to happen before society takes action and incur varying degrees of physical punishment to the individual. Several believed that a variety of factors is believed to enhance the incidence of the violence in mankind that tends specifically recruit others to form a stronger criminal group. Recognizing the increasing scope, intensity and sophistication of crimes brought about by globalization as a mattress for drug operations, trafficking of arms and humans and laundering, countries have acknowledged the true nature of crime prevention. Efficient criminal justice systems have set standards and protocols that require cooperation to counter international syndicates. Certain preventive theories have equated crime prevention in the individual capacity to control and restrain urges; Foucault as an anthropologist has decried this philosophy with an apparent affront to discipline and punishment. He has equated prisons as a form of discipline that utilizes technological power. His argument against public spectacle of torture is equated with forms to entertain and satisfy the perverse need of the society to play God. Playing revenge against the convict or a felon has given law the authority to act as an extension of the sovereign's body who is allowed to inflict harm as payment for a felonious and criminal act. Hence Foucault provides the unintended consequences that the convict's body is used either to gain sympathy or admiration that fulfills a crowd's curiosity. Totally radical against public executions, Foucault notes that such theatrics often leads to riots in support of the prisoner. Its political cost was often high and is interpreted as the an tithesis to modern society. Stance against Violence Violence, is seen in Foucault's theory of power (1975) in a two-fold dimension. First, it recognizes that violence cannot be seen simply as a destructive force existing alone, since the damaging effects are considered as consequences of an attempt to analyze and understand the meaning and origins of people's identities and their attributes whether in groups and societies which are continuously invented and transformed. Secondly, it sees the trans-humanist forces widen the boundaries of knowledge to create a non-progressive series of historically distinct patterns of human and social response. In relation to violence, it is then possible that policy options in the present will always be restricted to the confines of the prevailing repertoire of violence, and therefore that any system of response is in fact a reflection not so much of the will of the people who set it in place. In place here was remotely discussed in mort of Foucault's discourses as the unpredictable play of power. Fo ucault's theoretical perspective offers a useful

Summary on India Country Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary on India Country Report - Essay Example The financial year for India is April to March, and during the first quarter of the current financial year (2007-08), real GDP growth was 9.3%, estimated growth rate for the full year being 8.4%. This is on the back of an average annual growth rate of 8.83% in the past four years since 2003 – 04. The above 8% GDP growth performance is not likely to be sustained in the coming two years, forecasts being still healthy at 7.9 % and 7.4% successively. The overall GDP is estimated to cross one trillion US dollars land mark during the current year itself, by a good margin. Sector-wise, industrial and services sectors continue to outperform while the agricultural sector growth will be anemic, as in the past few years. During 2006-07, industry and services sectors accounted for 27.9% and 54.6% of the GDP respectively, the balance 17.5% being for the primary sector in which more than 700 million people are engaged in India. Thus, the bleak outlook for the rural economy stares in the face of Trade in goods and services, with continued political support for liberalization, is showing good performance. Imports are rising due to strong domestic demand for industrial and consumer goods. However, exports which averaged 26.5% growth in the past three years are expected to slow down to 17.2% in the current year, the main culprit being the weakening of the US dollar vis-Ã  -vis the Rupee. Rupee appreciated by over 12.5% in the past 12 months and the export oriented segments of the economy like software services, textiles, leather goods etc are hit by the Rupee appreciation. Rising cost of increased imports and crude oil are balanced somewhat by the rising exports of services along with remittances from non-residents, thus keeping the current account deficit under control, estimated at less than 2% of the GDP for 2008-09. The policy laid emphasis on increased spending on primary

Human Skeleton and Muscles: Anatomy and Physiology

Human Skeleton and Muscles: Anatomy and Physiology SABRINA PACE-HUMPHREYS UNIT TITLE:Â  ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN SKELETON AND MUSCLES In a short account explain skeletal and bone features which aid them to carry out their roles, Remember to link structure and function for both. Adult skeletons consist of 206 individual bones arranged in two divisions – axial and appendicular skeleton. The former runs along the body’s midline and includes skull, rib and vertebral column regions. The latter consists of bones in upper limbs such as the radius and ulna, lower limbs and pelvic girdle regions. Skeletal key functions: Support – Structural framework for the body, supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for skeletal muscle tendons. Protection of internal organs from injury. E.g. rib cage protects lungs and heart. Movement – Most skeletal muscles attach to bones and, on contraction, pull to produce movement. E.g. thigh muscles attach to the femur and pull on it during hip/knee joint movement. Mineral storage/release – Bone tissue stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus which aid bone strength. Minerals are released on demand into blood to maintain mineral balances/travel to other body parts. Blood cell production – Bones like pelvic and rib bones (adults) contain red bone marrow producing red blood cells. Triglyceride storage – Yellow marrow consists of adipose cells storing triglyceride chemical energy reserve. Bones are living organs made of cells, protein fibres and minerals. They include: Diaphysis/Epiphyses – Bone shaft/End Mataphyses – Region between above structures. In growing bone it contains a growth plate/layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to lengthen. Articular cartilage Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering part of the epiphyses where the bone forms a joint with another bone. Reduces friction/absorbs shock at freely moveable joints. Periosteum Tough connective tissue sheath. Protects bone, assists in fracture repair, nourishes bone tissue, serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons. Associated blood supply surrounds bone surface when articular cartilage not present. The inner osteogenic layer, consisting of cells, allows bone to grow in thickness. Medullary cavity Hollow space within diaphysis containing fatty bone marrow and blood vessels. Minimizes weight of the bone by reducing dense bone material where not needed. Tubular design of provides maximum strength with minimum weight. Part 1 – Explain what joint and muscle movements are involved in running and how are they involved. The legs move forward using the quadriceps at the front of the thigh. Quadriceps bend (flex) the hip joint and straighten (extend) and stabilise the knee. As the body moves forward the hamstrings are recruited to straighten (extend) the hip and bend (flex) the knee. They also help to bend the knee behind a runner. At the same time the muscles of the lower leg (inner and outer calf) extend and flex each ankle/foot during landing and take off e.g. plantar and dorsi flexion of the ankle joint. Impact is also absorbed by these muscles. The gluteal muscles not only help to extend the hip but also stabilize the trunk, keeping a runner upright. Hip flexors and extenders work with quads and hamstrings to move legs forward and back as well as stabilizing the hip joint which contributes to good running form. The arms and shoulders are another key driving force for running power. The arms, which when running are held in a partially flexed position at the elbow joint due to the triceps flexing, are continuously moving at the shoulder joint in a backwards-forwards direction when running. This movement is also strengthened, and held, by recruitment of the Trapezius muscles. Part 2 – Explain what joint and muscle movements are involved in working at a computer in an office and how are they involved. When working at a computer the following joint and muscle movements, starting from the tip of the head, are: The cervical vertebrae pivot joint enables our head to turn side-to-side/up and down which assists us when looking for information on a computer screens. Elbow joints, when resting or hovering over a desk, are in a constant 90 degree flexed state with the bicep muscles being flexed to bring the elbow joint to this position. The wrist joints, when working on a keyboard, are moving left, right and up and down closely followed by the finger and thumb joints which are flexing, extending and hovering to enable typing. Midline joints, such as vertebrae, hips, pelvis etc are in a neutral position in order to alleviate back pain associated with sitting for long periods of time. Well developed core muscles in the abdomen, back (latissimus dorsi) and shoulders help to keep us sitting upright in a neutral spinal position by continually contracting. When sitting our hips may often be pushed slightly out of line/forward, the joint is flexed. Gluteus muscles are in a constant state of flexion when a person is sitting as are the knee joints (if a person is sitting with the soles of their feet on the floor). Skeletal muscles have complicated structures that allow them to move, what are these structures and how do they allow muscles to carry out their roles. Skeletal muscle consists of numerous elongated muscle fibre cells arranged in fasciculi bundles. These bundles are separated by endomysium connective tissue with each of these surrounded by a stronger perimysium sheath. Blood vessels transport nutrients/oxygen in and move metabolic waste away. Hundreds of muscle fibres are enclosed within the epimysium connective tissue envelope and extend the muscles full length. Fibres consist of cell membrane, myofibril, sarcoplasm (containing organelles such as mitochondria) and myofilaments actin and myosin. Myosin is surrounded by 6 actin (each consisting of two heads wrapped around each other). At the myosin binding site on the actin (the twist) the myosin head attaches and both filaments overlap creating cross-bridges. When overlapping the myosin head containing ATPase enzyme releases ATP, powering muscle contraction. Muscle contraction triggers when an impulse from the central nervous system is sent to a muscle via a motor neuron nerve. When it reaches the fibre the Sliding Filament Mechanism a series of chemical events causing the above actin/myosin to overlap described above is triggered. Myosin pulls on actin shortening the sarcomere. This signal is synchronized across all fibres so all myofibrils contract simultaneously. Muscular functions are to produce body movements such as locomotion e.g. running; stabilize body positions; store and move substances around the body (oxygen to the muscle and metabolic waste from it); generate heat through contraction vital for maintaining body temperature. Antagonistic muscle pairs work in opposition with one moving a joint in one direction and another moving it back. E.g. the bicep contracts to bend the arm while the tricep muscle releases. Three types of voluntary muscle fibre: Type 1 – Slow twitch fibres using aerobic respiration for sustained muscular contractions, such as maintaining posture. Type 2a – Fast Oxidative Fibres: mix of type 1 and 2b fibres using aerobic and anaerobic respiration to produce fast, strong muscle contractions used in resistance training. Type 2b – Fast Twitch Glycolictic Fibres using anaerobic respiration for short, fast bursts of power. ‘Movement requires muscle and all muscles have antagonistic pairs’. Using this as the title write a short account of how muscle contraction and antagonism is vital for the co-ordinated movement of an organism. 200 words Muscles are attached to bones by tendons so that when a muscle contracts (shortens) it pulls on the bone and, if part of a joint, said bone moves. Muscles can only pull, they can’t push. So, if a joint was only controlled by one muscle, it would cause a problem as the bone would move in one direction and stay there. Voluntary antagonistic muscles work in opposition so that when one group contracts the other relaxes. It’s impossible to fully stimulate the contraction of two antagonistic muscles at the same time. Muscles allow us to stand and sit by contracting/releasing constantly to stabilise the skeleton and to walk and run by contracting/releasing to move lower body limbs. Antagonistic pairs normally consist of a flexor and extensor. E.g. to flex the elbow, the bicep flexor muscle works across three joints while the tricep (extensor) muscle is primarily concerned with extension of the elbow joint. To move our legs we need to use the lower limbs and it is here that antagonistic muscles such as the quadriceps and hamstring work together to move the upper leg limbs while the tibalis anterior works in opposition to the calf muscle to move the lower leg. Bibliography Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC GCSE Bitesize: Functions of the skeleton. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/2_anatomy_skeleton_rev1.shtml [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014]. Bbc.co.uk, (2015). BBC GCSE Bitesize: Muscle tone and posture. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/3_anatomy_muscles_rev5.shtml [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Bbc.co.uk, (2015). BBC Science Nature Human Body and Mind Muscles Layer. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeletalsmoothandcardiac/quadriceps_animation.shtml [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Kelly, J. (2014). Leg Muscles Used in Running HowStuffWorks. [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/running/training/leg-workouts-for-runners1.htm [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014]. Mackenzie, B. (2014). Movement Analysis. [online] Brianmac.co.uk. Available at: http://www.brianmac.co.uk/moveanal.htm [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014]. Marieb, E. (1995). Human anatomy and physiology. Redwood City, Calif. [etc.]: Benjamin/Cummings, pp.293, 295. S-cool.co.uk, (2014). GCSE PE How the Body Moves Revision Joints | S-cool, the revision website. [online] Available at: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/pe/how-the-body-moves/revise-it/joints [Accessed 31 Dec. 2014]. Tortora, G. and Grabowski, S. (2003). Principles of anatomy and physiology. New York: Wiley, pp.290 304.

Families NOT the Source of All Evil :: Are Families Dangerous

Families NOT the Source of All Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Barbara Ehrenreich in â€Å"Are Families Dangerous?,† families are the most dangerous place to be, because of several reasons. First, for women the most unsafe place to be is inside her own home. This is because the people who love you the most are the ones who abuse and murder their loved ones. According to Charles Fourier, â€Å"the family is the barrier to human progress,† which leads me to believe that Ehrenreich is trying to portray the family as a downside to our society instead of a positive aspect of our lives. Subsequently, there is no such thing as the â€Å"functional† family, each and every family needs counseling and policies to provide guidance. Families cause damage to children because of a constant attack on one’s self esteem. Most importantly, according to Ehrenreich families are the source of violence within our world, she believes if we would disband our families our world would be a much improved living environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article I discussed was, â€Å"Are families dangerous?,† by Barbara Ehrenreich. This article gave copious reasons for what the family does to destroy ones self esteem or even ones physical well being. Ehrenreich stated numerous facts that supported her view upon the American family. She used two human sources, one being Charles Fourier (French Philosopher) and a British anthropologist by the name of Edmund Leach. Both of these men agreed that the family was the source of all evil within our society. She also used specific court cases that indicated domestic violence within the home. Each of these cases are widely known to Americans, due to the media coverage on each case. Allowing her to illustrate the numerous occasions domestic violence has occurred within in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When my group discussed the facts that she brought forward within the article we each came to the conclusion that families are NOT the source of all evil in this world. Although, she cited an abundance of sources, we all believe families are what makes a child a proper and well-caring human being.